Day 2 :
- others
Session Introduction
Sabu Thomas
Mahatma Gandhi University, India
Title: Engineering at the Nanoscale: A Strategy for Developing High Performance Functional Materials from Biopolymers
Biography:
Sabu Thomas is currently the Vice-Chancellor of Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India. He is a Professor at the International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and Full Professor of Polymer Science and Engineering at the School of Chemical Sciences of Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India. His ground-breaking research has covered the areas of polymer science and engineering, polymer nanocomposites, elastomers, polymer blends, interpenetrating polymer networks, polymer membranes, green composites and nanocomposites, nanomedicine and green nanotechnology. Prof. Thomas has received several national and international awards in recognition for his work, and recently received Honoris Causa (DSc) from the University of South Brittany, Lorient, France, in recognition for his contributions to polymer science and engineering. Prof. Thomas has published over 1400 peer- reviewed research papers, reviews and book chapters. He has co-edited more than 200 books. Currently he is having a H index of 133 with 86000 citations
Abstract:
Green chemistry started for the search of benign methods for the development of nanoparticles from nature and their use in the field of antibacterial, antioxidant, and antitumor applications. Bio wastes are eco-friendly starting materials to produce typical nanoparticles with well-defined chemical composition, size, and morphology. Cellulose, starch, chitin and chitosan are the most abundant biopolymers around the world. Cellulose nanoparticles (fibers, crystals and whiskers) can be extracted from agrowaste resources. Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose, it is a characteristic component of the cell walls of fungi, the exoskeletons of arthropods and nanoparticles of chitin (fibers, whiskers) can be extracted from shrimp and crab shells. Starch nano particles can be extracted from tapioca and potato wastes. These nanoparticles can be converted into smart and functional biomaterials by functionalization through chemical modifications due to presence of large amount of hydroxyl group on the surface. The preparation of these nanoparticles includes both series of chemical as well as mechanical treatments; crushing, grinding, alkali, bleaching and acid treatments. Since large quantities of bio wastes are produced annually, further utilization of cellulose, starch and chitins as functionalized materials is very much desired. The cellulose, starch and chitin nano particles are currently obtained as aqueous suspensions which are used as reinforcing additives for high performance environment-friendly biodegradable polymer materials. These nanocomposites are being used as biomedical composites for drug/gene delivery, nano scaffolds in tissue engineering and cosmetic orthodontics. The reinforcing effect of these nanoparticles results from the formation of a percolating network based on hydrogen bonding forces. The incorporation of these nano particles in several bio-based polymers have been discussed. The role of nano particle dispersion, distribution, interfacial adhesion and orientation on the properties of the ecofriendly bio nanocomposites have been carefully evaluated.
Sanad Mohammed Alonezi
PSMMC, Saudi Arabia
Title: Application of Phenotype Microarray in lung cancer after treatment with cisplatin
Biography:
Sanad Alonezi received his Bachelor’s Degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences from KSU in 2003 and MSc from KSU, Saudi Arabia. He holds PhD in Pharmaceutical Sciences from university of Strathclyde in 2017 (UK). He is a consultant pharmacist at PSMMC. He has a strong interest in areas of research involve metabolomics.
Abstract:
The phenotype microarray (PM) technique provide a high-throughput for characterization the phenotyping of cells. This technique use a redox dye, employing cell respiration (NADH production) as a universal cell based reporter. The dyes used in Biolog assays measure output of NADH production from different catabolic pathways present in the cells being tested. Figure 1. shows the layout of the carbon sources in the PM-M1 microplate. PM method applied to examine the effect of cisplatin, a chemotherapy drug, treatment on the metabolic rate in lung cancer cells produced by different substrates. The H1299 and A549 human lung cancer cell lines were tested by using standard protocols for metabolic PM mammalian cell assays. Dye reduction was calculated from A590-A750 values measured from microplate wells after 6 h from addition of MA dye. Paired t tests from univariate analysis were adjusted. In H1299 cells, there was a reduction in metabolism of dextrin, maltotriose, D-maltose, D-glucose-1-phosphate, and inosine (Figure 2) following treatment with cisplatin. In A549 cells, there was also a reduction in metabolism of substrates such as D-trehalose, D-glucose-6-phosphate and D-glucose-1-phosphate (Figure 3). The uridine, pyruvic acid and ketoglutaric acid were metabolised significantly in A549 cells after treatment with cisplatin in comparison with H1299 cells (Figure 2, 3). Adenosine substrate in the phenotype microarray plate do not appear to be useful as carbon sources in both cells. Treatment of the lung cancer cells with cisplatin produced a different effect on the H1299 cells in comparison with the A549 cells. There was more reduction in carbon metabolism in H1299 cells, but in the A549 cells the metabolism was not that strongly affected and the cells continued to produce NADH. Therefore, there may be differences in the mechanisms by which the two types of lung cancer cells respond to cisplatin treatment, which could lead to different mechanisms of cell death induced by the anticancer activity. The mechanism of necrosis and other cell death pathways may have significant difference between human lung cancer cell lines.
Dorcas Akinloye
Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
Title: Prophylactic effects of Ficus exasperata N-Hexane-Ethyl Acetate Extract against CCl4 - Induced NF-kB/TNF-α expressions in Female Wistar Rats
Biography:
Dorcas Akinloye Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
Keywords: Ficus exasperata, dysfunction, Rats, NF-kB, TNF-α
Abstract:
The study aims to investigate the protective effects of Ficus exasperata n-hexane ethyl acetate extract against carbon tetrachloride (CClâ‚„)-induced tissue damage in female Wistar rats; using specific activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT), and 5’ nucleotidase (5’NTDase) along with relative gene expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) as indices. Thirty-six female Wistar rats were divided into six groups (A, B, C, D, E, F) of six rats per group. First, groups A and B were pre-treated with olive oil. Next, groups C, D, E, and F were pre-treated with Vitamin E (100 mg/ kilogram bodyweight (kg bwt)), extract (100 mg/ kg bwt), extract (200 mg/ kg bwt), and extract (200 mg/ kg bwt) respectively for fourteen days. Then, CClâ‚„ single dose injection (intraperitoneally) was given to rats in groups B, C, D, and E. Ficus exasperata n-hexane ethyl acetate extract pre-treatment was able to protect against CClâ‚„-induced toxicity by preventing the overexpression of NF-kB and TNF-α gene levels along with protection of membrane-bound (ALP, GGT, and 5’NTDase) enzymes linkages into the serum. In conclusion, Ficus exasperata n-hexane ethyl acetate extract could be used to prevent or manage inflammation and membrane dysfunctions.
Sonakshi
Vanderbilt University, USA
Title: Investigating a Novel Drug – A Promising Breakthrough in the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease.
Biography:
Sonakshi is from Las Vegas, Nevada, and just recently graduated from Vanderbilt with a major in Medicine, Health, and Society and a minor in Business and Computer Science. She hopes to pursue a degree in medicine. At Vanderbilt, she worked as an undergraduate research assistant in a surgical transplant lab, helping out with long-term mechanical cardiopulmonary support experiments. In her free time, she loves listening to music, watching Netflix, and she has recently taken up playing the drums.
Abstract:
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, gradually impairs an individual's memory and cognitive abilities. The disease slowly diminishes an individual's ability to carry out daily activities, affecting their behavior, personality, and language skills. Though Alzheimer's most commonly occurs in the later stages of life, it can impact people as early as their 40s. Alzheimer's is characterized by both beta-amyloid plaques and protein tangles composed of phosphorylated tau. Beta-amyloid plaques are caused by accumulations of the protein beta-amyloid, which can occur when the mechanisms that typically break down beta-amyloid protein malfunctions. P-Tau Protein tangles arise when the normal, healthy tau protein becomes phosphorylated, detaching from microtubules and aggregating into tangles that disrupt the normal functioning of nerve cells. As such a devastating disease, researchers have discovered treatments, such as investigational Drug XXX and Drug YYY (both remove amyloid plaques in the brain, preventing AD progression). Multiple ongoing trials are currently studying the effectiveness of the monoclonal antibody investigational drug ZZZ at removing the p-tau protein tangles in the brain, which has shown promising effects in slowing the cognitive and functional decline in patients diagnosed with AD. However, the prevention of AD has yet to be previously studied. Despite the groundbreaking discoveries in AD treatments, there is no way for the brain damage done by the protein plaques or tangles to be reversed: the patients' memories cannot be restored. This study aims to investigate whether the current drug –Drug ZZZ– used to clear out p-tau protein tangles in patients diagnosed with AD would be able to clear out p-tau protein in participants with preclinical AD. By effectively preventing any brain damage caused by the p-tau tangles, we could avoid or at least delay the onset of Alzheimer's Disease.
Dra Ana Belén Moldes
University of Vigo, Spain
Title: GRAMICIDIN COMBINED WITH LIPOPEPTIDES PRODUCED BY A. aneurinilyticus AS A NEW COMPLEX DRUG
Biography:
Dra Ana Belén Moldes is Associate Professor in the Chemical Engineering Department of the University of Vigo with more than 20 years of experience in the field of production, extraction and evaluation of biocompounds of microbial origin. Her main scientific contributions focus on the use of Bacillus strains to produce biosurfactants and other bioactive compounds including Gramicidin promoting a circular economy. During her research career she has participated in more than 20 research projects, and she has published over130 articles in JCR journals (most of them Q1 and Q2). The last project aims the sustainable production of Gramicidin. She has an h-index of 38 (Scopus ID: 6603511495), has co-authored 8 patents, has presented over 160 communications at congresses and has co-supervised 8 PhD Theses
Abstract:
Based on previous studies, in this work a complex drug extract produced by Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus is analyzed in terms of composition with the aim to study its potential interest for including it on pharmacological formulations. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: The complex drug was extracted from A. aneurinilyticus cells growth in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) using phosphate buffer saline solution (PBS) followed by a dialysis process and lyophilization to remove water and salts respectively. Following the extract was analyzed by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Mass (MALDI-TOF) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Commercial Gramicidin and Surfactin (lipopeptide produced by Bacillus subtillis) were used as controls. Findings: It was observed that it is possible to obtain, from A. aneurinilyticus cells, a complex drug extract composed by Gramicidin and lipopeptides, being Gramicidin S, the predominant form of Gramicidin molecules detected in the microbial complex extract. Figure 1 shows a A. aneurinilyticus colony. Probably lipopeptides production by A. aneurinilyticus is related to the production of Gramicidin. Therefore, lipopeptides could promote the excretion of antibiotics to the extracellular media. Conclusion & Significance: Based on the results showed in this work and the microbial coexistence of Gramicidin and lipopeptides in the extracts produced by A. aneurinilyticus it should be interesting to carried out pharmaceutical assays based on Gramicidin where synthetic solubilizing and carrier agents are replaced by lipopeptides. It could be expected that lipopeptides increases the permeation and efficacy of drugs in comparison with non-natural carrier agents.
José M. Cruz
University of Vigo, Spain
Title: Could be biosurfactant extracts a new generation of antibiotics?
Biography:
Dr. José M. Cruz Associate Professor in the Chemical Engineering Department of the University of Vigo with more than 20 years of experience in the field of production, extraction and evaluation of biocompounds of microbial origin. His main scientific contributions focus on the use of Bacillus strains to produce biosurfactants and other bioactive compounds including Gramicidin promoting a circular economy. During his research career he has participated in over 40 research projects, he has published during his research career over140 articles in JCR journals (79 Q1). He has an h-index of 42 (Scopus ID: 7402505903), has co-authored 9 patents, has published 13 book chapters, presented over 200 communications at congresses and has co-supervised 9 PhD Theses.
Abstract:
Usually, pharmaceutical active ingredients, like antibiotics are composed by synthetic or microbial compounds that sometimes are combined to obtain the desire effect. However occasionally the pharmacological activity of antibiotics decreases because of the resistance of pathogenic microorganism, being of crucial importance the search of new drugs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect of a biosurfactant extract obtained from a fermented maize kernel extract against bacteria and fungi using in vitro assays. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Biosurfactant extracts were obtained from a fermented kernel extract by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate followed by the removal of organic solvent by distillation. Antimicrobial assays were carried out using pathogenic strains including E. coli; Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus brasiliensis; whereas cytotoxic assays were carried out using fibroblasts. Findings: The biosurfactant extract under evaluation showed an important antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi being able to kill them in vitro assays, without observing relevant cytotoxic effect on fibroblasts. Figure 1 shows the general structure of lipopeptides forming micelles and a pathogenic microorganism. Conclusion & Significance: Based on the antimicrobial spectra of the biosurfactant extract obtained from maize fermented kernel it could be speculated that biosurfactants of microbial origin, could be included in pharmaceutical formulations alone or in combination with other drugs as a new generation of active principles.
- Drug Discovery and Development
Session Introduction
Priyanka Gondhale-Karpe
Vishwakarma University (VU), India
Title: Assay development and Impurity profiling study of Ambroxol hydrochloride and Acetylcysteine used in the treatment of various chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
Biography:
Priyanka Karpe currently working as Assistant Professor in one of the esteemed Vishwakarma University (VU) in Pune, India, also previously having work experience as research scientist; dedicated for analytical method development and validation of Dry powder inhaler, Metered dose inhalers, Nebulizers and Nasal spray preparation also having an experience in various solid and liquid dosage forms; 8 years of experience in Pharmaceutical industry with GMP/GLP guidelines, Handling HPLC, separation laboratory techniques of GMP/GLP. Possess excellent communication, researching, analytical, document writing and technical skills along with the ability to coordinate and work with cross-functional teams/partners/clients.
Abstract:
Statement of the Problem: Acetylcysteine and Ambroxol belongs to the class of drugs called 'mucolytic agents', primarily used to prevent and treat symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), such as coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath. COPD is a group of lung diseases that mainly include emphysema, pneumonia and chronic bronchitis. These two mucolytic agents help in thinning and loosening phlegm in lungs, windpipe, and nose to provide relief from respiratory problems like coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Ambroxol is also an expectorant promotes mucus clearance, facilitates expectoration and eases productive cough, allowing patients to breathe freely and deeply promotes the secretion of sputum by the air passages. Acetylcysteine serves as a prodrug to L-cysteine, a precursor to the biologic antioxidant glutathione; the oxidized glutathione and S-nitrosoglutathione bind to the glutamate recognition site of the NMDA and AMPA receptors and mucolytic activity takes place. Findings: Precise RP-HPLC analytical method developed for the For the simultaneous estimation of Assay and Impurity profiling study determination of both assay and related substances in Ambroxol hydrochloride and Acetylcysteine tablet dosage form with gradient elution pattern having mobile phase A as buffer pH 3.0 and mobile phase B as an Acetonitrile at 1.0mL/min flow rate, using Inertsil ODS 3V column, 40°C column temperature and PDA detector with wavelength 230nm. The analytical method is validated as per ICH guidelines including its forced degradation studies. The method was found to be linear in the range of 0.2ppm to 2.5ppm with correlation coefficient 0.999. Accuracy performed at LOQ to 250% level and recovery was found to be in the range of 95% to 105%. Conclusion & Significance: The developed analytical method thus provides a safe, easy and reproducible solution for the stability studies and QC release testing for the estimation of assay and related substances.